Chomsky (1957) suggested that a grammar should describe a
native speaker’s intuitive understanding of the language he or she uses.
He uses the terms “deep structure and “surface structure” to describe that
intuitive knowledge. According to Chomsky, just such a grammar would be
the grammar that he introduced as Transformational Grammar. Initially
Chomsky tried to explain how actual language users created and understood
grammatical structures they had never encountered in previous experience.
He therefore established a set of transformational rules that explained a
user’s competence with language. This competence, he theorized, explained
how language users could generate grammatical sentences. He explained that
competence in language use did not mean a user could invoke the generative
rules of the language. We need to look at the term “generative grammar” in
order to better understand Chomsky’s point here.
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